The compressor pressurizes low-pressure refrigerant gas from the evaporator, turning it into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas before sending it to the condenser for cooling.

2. Key Components

Compressor Clutch: Engages/disengages the compressor pulley based on A/C demand.

Swash Plate/Pistons (in piston-type compressors): Compresses refrigerant.

Refrigerant Inlet & Outlet: Low-pressure gas enters, high-pressure gas exits.

Solenoid (in variable displacement compressors): Adjusts cooling capacity.

3. Step-by-Step Working Process

(1) Refrigerant Intake

The low-pressure, cool refrigerant gas (from the evaporator) enters the compressor.

(2) Compression

The compressor’s pistons or rotors compress the gas, increasing its pressure and temperature.

Common compressor types:

Piston-Type (Reciprocating)

Scroll-Type (Spiral design, smoother operation)

Rotary Vane (Uses rotating blades)

Variable Displacement (Adjusts output based on cooling needs)

(3) Discharge

The high-pressure, hot gas flows to the condenser, where it releases heat and becomes a liquid.

(4) Clutch Engagement

The electromagnetic clutch connects/disconnects the compressor from the engine belt:

Engaged (A/C ON): Pulley drives the compressor.

Disengaged (A/C OFF): Pulley spins freely, saving engine power.

4. Common Issues Affecting Performance

Low Refrigerant: Prevents proper compression.

Clutch Failure: Compressor won’t engage.

Internal Leaks/Wear: Reduces cooling efficiency.

Blocked Orifices: Restricts refrigerant flow.

5. Importance of the Compressor

Without it, refrigerant cannot circulate, and the A/C system cannot cool the cabin.

A failing compressor can lead to warm air, strange noises, or complete A/C failure.

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